
Jarvis: The Ultimate Intermediate Day Traders’ Discord Hub
Image credit: The Legend of Zelda, Nintendo

“It’s dangerous to go alone! Take this.”
These wise words from the old man on the opening screen of Legend of Zelda apply to 2024’s day trading landscape as much as they did to 1986 Hyrule.
The trading world lies in wait for clueless newcomers, promising exponential gains and disguising a market to appear tame when, in reality, it has claimed the fortunes of many overconfident traders.
Yet those in a tight-knit Discord community venture out with others who guide their quest and warn them against the many traps that make trading harder and more costly.
So consider Jarvis your Konami code to start your quest with the Master Sword in hand.
Not only do you get Jarvis, the most advanced trading software available to retail traders, but your free membership is included to our Discord community, where expert traders and so many peers will help guide you to a profitable future in trading.
Discords Everywhere
Have you been around trading long enough to become overcautious of Trading Discord promises?
It’s a thing.
And the reputation is earned.
Trading “gurus” are everywhere, proclaiming secrets they’re willing to disclose to a lucky few 🧐 behind a paywalled Discord server. Then, you get to determine whether the strategy holds water or whether you flushed money down the drain instead of depositing it into your brokerage account.
Let us spill the tea about Jarvis' Discord “secret.”
Secret: Jarvis is unbelievably accurate. It works, and Discord users can teach each other the essential strategies of the software in a week or less.
We’re so confident that Jarvis can transform your trading success that we’ll let you see the difference for free for 30 days—that’s Jarvis UI and Discord access!
With other Discords, you rarely know what you’re getting on the inside. There is no unity among the strategies. The quality of guidance is a dice roll.
Jarvis keeps it simple and linear, with a singular strategy anchored in software more capable than any human trader (including us!)
Introducing Your Sage Guide
Jarvis members can join us on live stream daily from 10:30 to 12 and 1 to 2:30 ET. You’ll meet Rip, our Minnesota-native Jarvis pro with a background in corporate finance who was won over by the hyperbolic power of day trading.
Rip’s passion for introducing traders to this brand-new frontier makes it easy for anyone to master Jarvis quickly—novice traders included. Our goal is that you’re making better trades in one week with Jarvis than advanced traders are making after two years of strategic, highly researched trial and error.
You’re invited
With Jarvis, everyone belongs.
Our mission is to reshape the reputation of trading until people see it as something that anyone can master. This starts with the Jarvis community showcasing their trust in this awesome software. Once users implement that trust into their trading strategy, we see stagnant, stuck, declining portfolios grow into profitable money-making machines.
Together, let's show the world that profitable trading can be simpler.
Wherever you are on your trading journey, from novice to expert, you’re invited to a Discord community where we travel together, learn from others, and contribute value to people who will be grateful to learn from one another's journeys.
It’s dangerous to go alone. Join Jarvis Discord today!
What We Learned (FAQs)
Q: Are trading Discords legit, or mostly scams?
A: Many trading Discords deserve their bad reputation - paywalls, self-proclaimed “gurus,” and strategies that rarely deliver. The Jarvis Discord is different: it’s free with Jarvis, built on one proven system, and designed to help traders master the software in less than a week.
Q: What makes the Jarvis Discord different from the rest?
A: Most groups are noisy and inconsistent. Jarvis keeps it simple: one strategy, one playbook. Daily live streams with pros like Rip plus peer-to-peer support mean every trader is learning from the same clear signals.
Q: Can beginners actually benefit from the Jarvis Discord?
A: Definitely. Jarvis tags make entries simple to read, and the Discord provides mentorship, training, and accountability. New traders get a fast track to good habits instead of stumbling through the usual traps alone.
More Stories

Jarvis Isn't Just for Day Trading
If you've been using Jarvis for day trading, you already appreciate zero-lag signals that keep you in the split-second price action. But Jarvis gives you far more ways to trade.
By selecting the candle duration in the upper left of your dashboard, you'll notice that Jarvis tags adjust according to the timeframe, meaning tags depict opportunities ideal for varying instrument expirations.
Today, we look at how Jarvis adjusts signals to identify opportunities in day trading, swingtrading, and investing strategies.
Trade examples are hypothetical and applied retroactively to demonstrate the Jarvis strategy.
Trades were not executed in a live account. Results do not account for liquidity, slippage, or fees.
TRADE 1
Day Trade Options | Timeframe: 1M SPY Call | Mar 10 | 10:26 am – 11:06 am C680 $1.05 → $2.32 | 120% profit

Can you be patient for three minutes? This trade retraces minimally after the tag forms.Everything after that is the most textbook trade you'll ever see. No liquidity checks, just asmooth ride til you're well over 100% profit.
Remember: Tags are only formed, and actionable, once a candle closes. Don't enter prematurely or you might find yourself in on a trade where there's no signal on the screen.
TRADE 2
Swing Trade Options | Timeframe: 1H SPY Put | March 13 | Expiration: Sept 30P260930P668 $35.44 → $52.77 | 49% profit (active)

Swing traders watching 1-day charts have been speculating the next collapse, having seen twoproper market crashes since 2020 with setups similar to what we're seeing here.
On the day Jarvis marked this trade with a Long tag, a Sept 30 expiration options put could behad for $35.44 per contract. As of this writing (3/30/26) that same contract is $52.77. For traderswhose goal it is to ride a real market crash, Jarvis has us in with great timing. From here it'sabout your goals. Your existing profit is at risk if there's a reversal, but portfolios concernedabout a collapse may choose to hedge their investments by staying in this short.
This is NOT a recommendation to enter this put now — that train has left the station. We want todemonstrate how Jarvis identifies prime swing setups at major inflection points in the market.Don't wanna miss the next one? Join the daily conversation on JarvisLIVE on Discord!
TRADE 3
Common Stock Investing | Timeframe: 1H | S&P 500

For long-term investing, you want to buy when the market is bearish, but not til it's done falling.Setting a 1-Day timeframe turns Jarvis into a long-term trend finder. In other words, each tag issaying "that trend is done now." This becomes particularly advantageous for answering the coreinvestor question: When do I know to buy the dip?
Last year's crash took out 1/4 of SPY's valuation. Liquid investors would be looking for themoment to reinvest. Jarvis chose a safe reentry that yielded great returns just before May 2025.Only problem? Jarvis wasn't live then. But it is now.
As we ride out the rest of the current downturn, we're looking for that moment yet again. Thered/green cloud shift will come first, anticipating the ending of a trend. The next Long tag maybe the next great opportunity to buy into a market before the bull breaks loose.
The Lesson
Wealth Through Diversification
Smart traders aren't only trading — they're investing too. We built Jarvis to signal different typesof trading because diversifying into steady securities will empower you to fund the risk/reward(and fun) of speculative trading.
There's more coming this month about Jarvis' expanding trading suite, and we're excited toshare the news! Until then, join us on Discord any weekday — we'd love to trade with you!
It's a great day to trade.
Risk Disclosure: Trading stocks, options, futures, and cryptocurrencies involves substantial riskand is not suitable for every investor. An investor could potentially lose all or more than the initialinvestment. Risk capital is money that can be lost without jeopardizing one's financial security orlifestyle. Only risk capital should be used for trading. Past performance is not necessarilyindicative of future results.
CFTC Rules 4.41: Simulated performance results have inherent limitations. Unlike an actualperformance record, simulated results do not represent actual trading. Since trades have notbeen executed, results may have under- or over-compensated for the impact of certain marketfactors, such as a lack of liquidity. Simulated trading programs are generally designed with thebenefit of hindsight. No representation is being made that any account will or is likely to achieveprofits or losses similar to those shown.
Disclaimer: The information and trading signals provided by KTS Trading, LLC are foreducational and informational purposes only and do not constitute investment advice or an offeror solicitation to buy or sell any security. We do not execute trades, manage accounts, orguarantee results. All trading decisions are made solely by you at your own risk. You shouldconsult with a licensed financial advisor before making any investment decisions. KTS Trading,LLC is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
If you've been using Jarvis for day trading, you already appreciate zero-lag signals that keep you in the split-second price action. But Jarvis gives you far more ways to trade.
By selecting the candle duration in the upper left of your dashboard, you'll notice that Jarvis tags adjust according to the timeframe, meaning tags depict opportunities ideal for varying instrument expirations.
Today, we look at how Jarvis adjusts signals to identify opportunities in day trading, swingtrading, and investing strategies.
Trade examples are hypothetical and applied retroactively to demonstrate the Jarvis strategy.
Trades were not executed in a live account. Results do not account for liquidity, slippage, or fees.
TRADE 1
Day Trade Options | Timeframe: 1M SPY Call | Mar 10 | 10:26 am – 11:06 am C680 $1.05 → $2.32 | 120% profit

Can you be patient for three minutes? This trade retraces minimally after the tag forms.Everything after that is the most textbook trade you'll ever see. No liquidity checks, just asmooth ride til you're well over 100% profit.
Remember: Tags are only formed, and actionable, once a candle closes. Don't enter prematurely or you might find yourself in on a trade where there's no signal on the screen.
TRADE 2
Swing Trade Options | Timeframe: 1H SPY Put | March 13 | Expiration: Sept 30P260930P668 $35.44 → $52.77 | 49% profit (active)

Swing traders watching 1-day charts have been speculating the next collapse, having seen twoproper market crashes since 2020 with setups similar to what we're seeing here.
On the day Jarvis marked this trade with a Long tag, a Sept 30 expiration options put could behad for $35.44 per contract. As of this writing (3/30/26) that same contract is $52.77. For traderswhose goal it is to ride a real market crash, Jarvis has us in with great timing. From here it'sabout your goals. Your existing profit is at risk if there's a reversal, but portfolios concernedabout a collapse may choose to hedge their investments by staying in this short.
This is NOT a recommendation to enter this put now — that train has left the station. We want todemonstrate how Jarvis identifies prime swing setups at major inflection points in the market.Don't wanna miss the next one? Join the daily conversation on JarvisLIVE on Discord!
TRADE 3
Common Stock Investing | Timeframe: 1H | S&P 500

For long-term investing, you want to buy when the market is bearish, but not til it's done falling.Setting a 1-Day timeframe turns Jarvis into a long-term trend finder. In other words, each tag issaying "that trend is done now." This becomes particularly advantageous for answering the coreinvestor question: When do I know to buy the dip?
Last year's crash took out 1/4 of SPY's valuation. Liquid investors would be looking for themoment to reinvest. Jarvis chose a safe reentry that yielded great returns just before May 2025.Only problem? Jarvis wasn't live then. But it is now.
As we ride out the rest of the current downturn, we're looking for that moment yet again. Thered/green cloud shift will come first, anticipating the ending of a trend. The next Long tag maybe the next great opportunity to buy into a market before the bull breaks loose.
The Lesson
Wealth Through Diversification
Smart traders aren't only trading — they're investing too. We built Jarvis to signal different typesof trading because diversifying into steady securities will empower you to fund the risk/reward(and fun) of speculative trading.
There's more coming this month about Jarvis' expanding trading suite, and we're excited toshare the news! Until then, join us on Discord any weekday — we'd love to trade with you!
It's a great day to trade.
Risk Disclosure: Trading stocks, options, futures, and cryptocurrencies involves substantial riskand is not suitable for every investor. An investor could potentially lose all or more than the initialinvestment. Risk capital is money that can be lost without jeopardizing one's financial security orlifestyle. Only risk capital should be used for trading. Past performance is not necessarilyindicative of future results.
CFTC Rules 4.41: Simulated performance results have inherent limitations. Unlike an actualperformance record, simulated results do not represent actual trading. Since trades have notbeen executed, results may have under- or over-compensated for the impact of certain marketfactors, such as a lack of liquidity. Simulated trading programs are generally designed with thebenefit of hindsight. No representation is being made that any account will or is likely to achieveprofits or losses similar to those shown.
Disclaimer: The information and trading signals provided by KTS Trading, LLC are foreducational and informational purposes only and do not constitute investment advice or an offeror solicitation to buy or sell any security. We do not execute trades, manage accounts, orguarantee results. All trading decisions are made solely by you at your own risk. You shouldconsult with a licensed financial advisor before making any investment decisions. KTS Trading,LLC is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Crypto Just Landed on Jarvis. Here's Why That Changes Everything.
You've been trading crypto the hard way.
Watching five charts at once at 2 AM. Chasing the pump. Panic-selling the dip. Refreshing Twitter to see if some anonymous account with a laser-eye profile picture knows something you don't.
And every time you swear you'll be more disciplined next time — until the next candle moves and you're right back in the chaos.
Here's the thing: it's not your fault. Crypto has always been a market without guardrails. No closing bell. No circuit breakers. No structure. Just 24 hours of noise dressed up as opportunity, with your emotions invited to every single session.
That ends today.
Jarvis now supports crypto trading.
Why Crypto Traders Are the Most Emotionally Exposed Traders Alive
Options traders deal with time decay. Stock traders deal with earnings surprises. Crypto traders deal with all of it — plus a market that never closes, moves that happen while you're asleep, and a culture that rewards the loudest voice, not the most disciplined one.
The psychological warfare is non-stop.
You see Bitcoin climb 8% overnight and feel like you missed it. So you buy in at the top of the move. It retraces. You hold because you "believe in it." It drops another 12%. Now you're not trading anymore — you're coping.
Or you catch a real move. A clean 200% run on an altcoin. And instead of taking profit, you let greed whisper that this one's going to 500%. Then 1000%. Then it halves in four hours and you're back to flat.
Sound familiar?
This is the enemy inside every crypto trade. And it's the same enemy Jarvis was built to defeat.
What Jarvis Actually Does to a Crypto Chart
Jarvis doesn't add noise. It removes it.
Under the hood, Jarvis synthesizes the indicators that serious traders use — momentum signals, volume patterns, trend confirmation — and distills everything down to one thing on your screen: a signal telling you when to enter, and when to get out.
No Discord calls to verify. No influencer to follow. No gut feeling to second-guess.
You'll see a Long tag form. You enter. You'll see the signal break. You exit.
That's it. That's the whole game.
The traders who consistently profit aren't the ones with the most screens or the most conviction. They're the ones who follow a repeatable process and let it do its job — trade after trade, without interference.
Jarvis gives crypto traders that process for the first time.
The 24/7 Market Problem — Finally Solved
Here's what makes crypto uniquely brutal: the market never closes. Which means your temptation never closes either.
3 AM move? You're awake for it. Weekend pump? You're watching. Sunday night crash? You're in it.
Traditional traders get a break. They go home. The market closes. The psychological pressure resets. Crypto traders don't get that. And without a structured signal telling them when to actually act, they're always one sleepless trade away from a bad decision.
Jarvis changes the relationship you have with the clock. Instead of watching every candle waiting for something to happen, you wait for a signal. And when there's no signal, there's no trade. You close the screen. You live your life.
That is not a limitation. That is the strategy.
If You've Never Heard of Jarvis, Here's What You Need to Know
Jarvis was built by two traders who spent decades doing it the hard way — developing the intuition, logging the losses, building the process through years of trial and expensive error.
Then they asked a different question: What if you didn't have to?
What took them decades, Jarvis compresses into a single screen with clear signals. Options traders who found Jarvis reported understanding the system within a week of watching the live stream. Not months. Not years. A week.
The same system is now live for crypto.
If you've been trading crypto on instinct — or worse, on someone else's instinct — you now have something better. A proven signal framework built for the exact chaos that crypto throws at you.
The Market Doesn't Care About Your Conviction
This is the hardest truth in crypto, and almost nobody says it.
Your belief in a project doesn't protect your trade. Your research doesn't guarantee a return. The whitepaper you read, the community you trust, the influencer you follow — none of it moves the chart in your favor.
What moves the chart is price action. And what protects your account is the discipline to follow a signal instead of a story.
Crypto has always been a market that rewards storytelling. Jarvis is a tool built for traders, not believers. And for the first time, crypto traders can trade it that way.
Execute Clean. Take Profit. Be Content.
The same three-part equation that works in options works in crypto.
Execute Clean — Wait for the signal. Don't enter on a hunch, a feeling, or a fear of missing out. If there's no tag, there's no trade.
Take Profit — Exit when Jarvis tells you to exit. Not when you've calculated a bigger number in your head. Not after you've convinced yourself the move has more room. When the signal breaks, you step out.
Be Content — A 60% winner that you actually captured is worth more than a 400% winner you watched reverse in your account. The discipline to take what the market gives you — consistently, without interference — is what builds accounts over time.
Crypto traders have never had a system designed to protect them from themselves. Now they do.
This Is Your On-Ramp
If you've been grinding crypto charts without a signal framework, you already know what it costs. The missed exits. The emotional holds. The "I should have known" moments at 3 AM.
You don't have to know. You couldn't have known. But now you have something that does.
Jarvis is free for your first 30 days. Come watch the live stream, see the signals form in real time, and find out what it feels like to trade with structure in a market that has never offered any.
[Start your free 30-day trial →]
The crypto market is open right now. The question is: are you trading it, or is it trading you?
Trade examples are hypothetical and applied retroactively to demonstrate the Jarvis strategy. Trades were not executed in a live account. Results are based on exact signal execution and do not account for liquidity, slippage, or fees.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does Jarvis work for crypto the same way it works for stocks and options?
Yes. The same signal framework — Long/Short tags triggered by real-time indicator synthesis — now applies to crypto markets. You follow the tag, you exit when the signal breaks, and you stay out when there's no signal to follow.
Can I use Jarvis for crypto if I've never traded stocks or options?
Absolutely. Jarvis was built to eliminate the learning curve, not extend it. Crypto traders who come to Jarvis without any background in traditional trading can learn the system within a week of live-stream participation. You're not learning indicators — you're learning to follow a signal.
Crypto runs 24/7. How does Jarvis handle that?
Jarvis gives you structure inside the chaos. Instead of watching every candle and reacting to every move, you wait for a signal. No signal, no trade. This protects you from the biggest risk in 24/7 markets: the temptation to always be doing something.
What's the biggest mistake crypto traders make that Jarvis helps prevent?
Emotional overrides. Entering without a signal. Holding through a reversal because you "believe" in the move. These are the decisions that vaporize accounts. Jarvis takes the decision-making away from your emotions and gives it back to a system.
Is crypto on Jarvis available with the free trial?
Yes. Your first 30 days are free. That includes crypto signals, the live stream, and the full Jarvis interface — everything you need to see whether this changes the way you trade.
The information and trading signals provided on this site are for educational and informational purposes only and do not constitute financial, investment, or trading advice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. All trading involves substantial risk of loss.
You've been trading crypto the hard way.
Watching five charts at once at 2 AM. Chasing the pump. Panic-selling the dip. Refreshing Twitter to see if some anonymous account with a laser-eye profile picture knows something you don't.
And every time you swear you'll be more disciplined next time — until the next candle moves and you're right back in the chaos.
Here's the thing: it's not your fault. Crypto has always been a market without guardrails. No closing bell. No circuit breakers. No structure. Just 24 hours of noise dressed up as opportunity, with your emotions invited to every single session.
That ends today.
Jarvis now supports crypto trading.
Why Crypto Traders Are the Most Emotionally Exposed Traders Alive
Options traders deal with time decay. Stock traders deal with earnings surprises. Crypto traders deal with all of it — plus a market that never closes, moves that happen while you're asleep, and a culture that rewards the loudest voice, not the most disciplined one.
The psychological warfare is non-stop.
You see Bitcoin climb 8% overnight and feel like you missed it. So you buy in at the top of the move. It retraces. You hold because you "believe in it." It drops another 12%. Now you're not trading anymore — you're coping.
Or you catch a real move. A clean 200% run on an altcoin. And instead of taking profit, you let greed whisper that this one's going to 500%. Then 1000%. Then it halves in four hours and you're back to flat.
Sound familiar?
This is the enemy inside every crypto trade. And it's the same enemy Jarvis was built to defeat.
What Jarvis Actually Does to a Crypto Chart
Jarvis doesn't add noise. It removes it.
Under the hood, Jarvis synthesizes the indicators that serious traders use — momentum signals, volume patterns, trend confirmation — and distills everything down to one thing on your screen: a signal telling you when to enter, and when to get out.
No Discord calls to verify. No influencer to follow. No gut feeling to second-guess.
You'll see a Long tag form. You enter. You'll see the signal break. You exit.
That's it. That's the whole game.
The traders who consistently profit aren't the ones with the most screens or the most conviction. They're the ones who follow a repeatable process and let it do its job — trade after trade, without interference.
Jarvis gives crypto traders that process for the first time.
The 24/7 Market Problem — Finally Solved
Here's what makes crypto uniquely brutal: the market never closes. Which means your temptation never closes either.
3 AM move? You're awake for it. Weekend pump? You're watching. Sunday night crash? You're in it.
Traditional traders get a break. They go home. The market closes. The psychological pressure resets. Crypto traders don't get that. And without a structured signal telling them when to actually act, they're always one sleepless trade away from a bad decision.
Jarvis changes the relationship you have with the clock. Instead of watching every candle waiting for something to happen, you wait for a signal. And when there's no signal, there's no trade. You close the screen. You live your life.
That is not a limitation. That is the strategy.
If You've Never Heard of Jarvis, Here's What You Need to Know
Jarvis was built by two traders who spent decades doing it the hard way — developing the intuition, logging the losses, building the process through years of trial and expensive error.
Then they asked a different question: What if you didn't have to?
What took them decades, Jarvis compresses into a single screen with clear signals. Options traders who found Jarvis reported understanding the system within a week of watching the live stream. Not months. Not years. A week.
The same system is now live for crypto.
If you've been trading crypto on instinct — or worse, on someone else's instinct — you now have something better. A proven signal framework built for the exact chaos that crypto throws at you.
The Market Doesn't Care About Your Conviction
This is the hardest truth in crypto, and almost nobody says it.
Your belief in a project doesn't protect your trade. Your research doesn't guarantee a return. The whitepaper you read, the community you trust, the influencer you follow — none of it moves the chart in your favor.
What moves the chart is price action. And what protects your account is the discipline to follow a signal instead of a story.
Crypto has always been a market that rewards storytelling. Jarvis is a tool built for traders, not believers. And for the first time, crypto traders can trade it that way.
Execute Clean. Take Profit. Be Content.
The same three-part equation that works in options works in crypto.
Execute Clean — Wait for the signal. Don't enter on a hunch, a feeling, or a fear of missing out. If there's no tag, there's no trade.
Take Profit — Exit when Jarvis tells you to exit. Not when you've calculated a bigger number in your head. Not after you've convinced yourself the move has more room. When the signal breaks, you step out.
Be Content — A 60% winner that you actually captured is worth more than a 400% winner you watched reverse in your account. The discipline to take what the market gives you — consistently, without interference — is what builds accounts over time.
Crypto traders have never had a system designed to protect them from themselves. Now they do.
This Is Your On-Ramp
If you've been grinding crypto charts without a signal framework, you already know what it costs. The missed exits. The emotional holds. The "I should have known" moments at 3 AM.
You don't have to know. You couldn't have known. But now you have something that does.
Jarvis is free for your first 30 days. Come watch the live stream, see the signals form in real time, and find out what it feels like to trade with structure in a market that has never offered any.
[Start your free 30-day trial →]
The crypto market is open right now. The question is: are you trading it, or is it trading you?
Trade examples are hypothetical and applied retroactively to demonstrate the Jarvis strategy. Trades were not executed in a live account. Results are based on exact signal execution and do not account for liquidity, slippage, or fees.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does Jarvis work for crypto the same way it works for stocks and options?
Yes. The same signal framework — Long/Short tags triggered by real-time indicator synthesis — now applies to crypto markets. You follow the tag, you exit when the signal breaks, and you stay out when there's no signal to follow.
Can I use Jarvis for crypto if I've never traded stocks or options?
Absolutely. Jarvis was built to eliminate the learning curve, not extend it. Crypto traders who come to Jarvis without any background in traditional trading can learn the system within a week of live-stream participation. You're not learning indicators — you're learning to follow a signal.
Crypto runs 24/7. How does Jarvis handle that?
Jarvis gives you structure inside the chaos. Instead of watching every candle and reacting to every move, you wait for a signal. No signal, no trade. This protects you from the biggest risk in 24/7 markets: the temptation to always be doing something.
What's the biggest mistake crypto traders make that Jarvis helps prevent?
Emotional overrides. Entering without a signal. Holding through a reversal because you "believe" in the move. These are the decisions that vaporize accounts. Jarvis takes the decision-making away from your emotions and gives it back to a system.
Is crypto on Jarvis available with the free trial?
Yes. Your first 30 days are free. That includes crypto signals, the live stream, and the full Jarvis interface — everything you need to see whether this changes the way you trade.
The information and trading signals provided on this site are for educational and informational purposes only and do not constitute financial, investment, or trading advice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. All trading involves substantial risk of loss.